Slide Presentation

TITLE    (click title to view slides)
2018: Fumigation and IR-4

AUTHOR
Stanley Culpepper
Professor and Extension Weed Specialist
University of Georgia

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
  1. 2018: Fumigation and IR-4
  2. Fumigation / Plasticulture
  3. Farm Gate Value of Crops on Plastic in Georgia
  4. Georgia Production on Plastic
  5. Methyl Bromide
  6. WEEDS, DISEASE, NEMATODES
  7. Methyl Bromide
  8. 1 August 2005
  9. Methyl Bromide Removal from the Market
  10. Loss of Methyl Bromide in 2005
  11. Methyl Bromide Uses
  12. Methyl Bromide Critical Use Exemption
  13. Purple and Yellow Nutsedges: Primary Weeds ina Plasticulture System
  14. photo
  15. Prescription Fumigation
  16. A Few Specialty Crop Values (Retail Value Per Acre 2014)
  17. Fumigant Systems For Weeds
  18. Telone II Application 12 to 14" deep
  19. Chloropicrin placed 8 inches deep
  20. Metam Application with blades 4" apart applying metam 4" deep - no herbicide under mulch
  21. Either LDPE or TIF Mulch Depending on Nutsedge Control Needed!
  22. Selecting the Correct Mulch Can Be Challenging
  23. Funnel glued to mulch and then left for a set amount of time
  24. Nutsedge response to the 3-WAY. Tift Co., 2013.
  25. Nutsedge response to the 3-WAY. Echols Co., 2013.
  26. UGA 3-WAY; Fall 2013. Tift Co.
  27. Paldin Pic Systems
  28. Trifecta/Paladin Pic placed 8-10" deep
  29. Metam Application with blades 4" apart applying metam 4" deep
  30. Paladin Pic + Vapam
  31. Nutsedge response to top tier fumigant systems. Tift County, 2014 - Fall.
  32. Production Challenges - #1 Cost
  33. Factors Influencing Rate/Control
  34. Managing Nutsedge YEAR ROUND
  35. Production Challenges - #2 Bed Formation
  36. Factors Influencing Rate/Control
  37. Production Challenges - #2 Bed Formation
  38. Production Challenges - #3 Plant Back Intervals
  39. IR-4 Registrations Are Essential for Vegetable Producer Sustainability
  40. IR-4 Mission
  41. Regulation of Pesticide Residues on Food
  42. Why Is IR-4 Needed?
  43. Who Benefits from IR-4
  44. No Herbicide vs Reflex 16 oz/A
  45. Visual Eggplant Injury to Reflex Preplant. TyTy, GA. 2017. 26-29 DAT.
  46. How IR-4 Helps (cont’d)
  47. INDUSTRY
  48. New Vegetable Herbicide Uses - Last 10 Yr
  49. Learn More About IR-4



SLIDE CONTENTS
  1. 2018: Fumigation and IR-4 Stanley Culpepper, University of Georgia Tifton Campus
  2. Fumigation / Plasticulture Past Present Future
  3. Farm Gate Value of Crops on Plastic in Georgia Source: Georgia Farm Gate Value Report, The University of Georgia, Center for Agribusiness and Economic Development
  4. Georgia Production on Plastic
  5. Methyl Bromide Over 50 years of use
  6. WEEDS, DISEASE, NEMATODES
  7. Methyl Bromide Over 50 years of use 1990 Montreal Protocol and Clean Air Act: methyl bromide was classified as a class 1 ozone depleting substance and for its gradual removal from the market.
  8. 1 August 2005 1 December 2005 1 November 2005 1 September 2005 1 October 2005 Ozone layer in Antarctica http://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html
  9. Methyl Bromide Removal from the Market Production 1999 = 25% reduction 2001 = 25% reduction 2003 = 20% reduction 2005 = gone (reduce methyl bromide ai over time)
  10. Loss of Methyl Bromide in 2005
  11. Methyl Bromide Uses QPS (Quarantine Pre Shipment) gas Non-Soil Use (imports/exports) Ex. wood Soil Use (mostly interstate movement) Ex. Pine tree seedlings CUE (Critical Use Exemption) gas Preplant soil fumigant applications
  12. Methyl Bromide Critical Use Exemption Pepper, Eggplant, Squash, Tomato, Melons, Cucumber
  13. Purple and Yellow Nutsedges: Primary Weeds in a Plasticulture System
  15. Prescription Fumigation
  16. A Few Specialty Crop Values (Retail Value Per Acre 2014) Watermelon (small bed mulch): $9000 Watermelon (large bed mulch): $14,400 3. Cantaloupe (small bed mulch): $8666 4. Pepper (raised mulch): $22,400 5. Tomato (raised mulch): $33,600 6. Blueberry (high bush): $10,000
  17. Fumigant Systems For Weeds Paladin Pic + Vapam TIF UGA 3-WAY* TIF 4. UGA 3-WAY LDPE 5. Pic Chlor 60 TIF 3. Paladin Pic TIF All common weeds Good nutsedge, watch grass and pigweed Watch nutsedge, good grass and pigweed Watch nutsedge, grass, and pigweed… ...nematodes?? *UGA 3-WAY: system of Telone II, Pic, Metam
  18. Telone II Application 12 to 14 “ deep
  19. Chloropicrin placed 8 inches deep Pic Chlor 60 = 8-10 in. (21 G) Low Nematode Levels
  20. Metam Application with blades 4” apart applying metam 4” deep – no herbicide under mulch
  21. Either LDPE or TIF Mulch Depending on Nutsedge Control Needed!
  22. Selecting the Correct Mulch Can Be Challenging Low or High Density Polyethylene Virtually Impermeable Film Totally Impermeable Film
  23. Detector Tube Range 0.1 to 18 ppm GASTEC GV100S Silicone Glue Funnel glued to mulch and then left for a set amount of time
  24. Nutsedge response to the 3-WAY. Tift Co., 2013. Plots were 1 bed by 150 feet. Fall soil temp 84. (Veg 43-13) LDPE TIF 89 b 99 a % 160 plant/A 494 plant/A 82,460 plant/A check
  25. Nutsedge response to the 3-WAY. Echols Co., 2013. Plots were 1 bed by 150 feet. Spring soil temp 64. (Veg 13-13) LDPE TIF 65 c 97 a % 290 plant/A 37,265 plant/A 319,250 plant/A check
  26. 3-WAY; TIF Check UGA 3-WAY. Fall 2013. Tift Co.
  27. Paldin Pic Systems Light Populations: 40 GPA TIF Moderate to Severe: 50 GPA TIF BE CAREFUL FOR ODOR MANAGEMENT MUST USE TIF MULCH
  28. Trifecta/Paladin Pic placed 8-10” deep
  29. Metam Application with blades 4” apart applying metam 4” deep TIF MULCH ONLY
  30. Paladin Pic + Vapam Check
  31. Nutsedge response to top tier fumigant systems. Tift County, 2014 - Fall. Non-treated 129,600/A Paladin Pic + Vapam TIF UGA 3-WAY TIF
  32. Production Challenges - #1 DRIVER COST
  33. Factors Influencing Rate/Control FUMIGANT RATE 1. 1. Higher populations of nutsedge 2. Warmer soil temperatures 3. Low moisture conditions (not wet either) 4. Soft bed (compaction) 5. Lighter texture the soil We can influence quite quickly if willing!!!!
  34. Managing Nutsedge YEAR ROUND Select the right fumigant system Sandea in crop when feasible Sandea row middles 4. Spray as soon as crop done:
  35. Production Challenges - #2 BED FORMATION Proper bed facilitates better fumigant, water & fertilizer movement
  36. Factors Influencing Rate/Control FUMIGANT RATE 1. 1. Higher populations of nutsedge Bed formation (150 lb person sink ½ inch) Moisture (avoid dry; avoid wet) Soil temperatures (cool good; hot bad) 5. Soil texture (“lighter” texture less control INFLUENCE CONCENTRATION OVER TIME
  37. Production Challenges - #2 BED FORMATION Proper bed facilitates better fumigant, water & fertilizer movement 150 lb person sinks ½-1” -double press -shrink pan
  38. Production Challenges - #3 PLANT BACK INTERVALS PEST CONTROL PLANT BACK concentration over time (where the pest is located)
  39. IR-4 Registrations Are Essential for Vegetable Producer Sustainability Roger B. Batts Field Research Director, NCSU IR-4 Center and Interim IR-4 Southern Region Field Coordinator GFVGA, Savannah, GA Jan 12, 2018
  40. IR-4 Mission Facilitating the regulatory approval of sustainable pest management technology for specialty crops and specialty uses to promote public well-being
  42. Why Is IR-4 Needed? Lack of Economic Incentive for Registrants Development costs from ‘discovery to jug’ is estimated at $250-350M Limited patent life Small acreage vegetable crops = relatively small amount of product sales “Just not worth the registration expenses and efforts” Liability for Registrants Vegetable crops generally have higher value This is not a new scenario. IR-4 was established by USDA in 1963 because of these same factors.
  43. Who Benefits from IR-4 Growers Legal access to safe & effective pest management tools Protect and sell a higher proportion of their crop Food Processors & Food Retailers Consistent supply of materials Crop Protection Industry Expanded registrations & potential sales Exclusive Use of Data Extension Public Plentiful and more economical supply of fruits & vegetables that contribute to a healthy diet.
  44. No Herbicide Reflex 16 oz/A
  45. % 8 Visual Eggplant Injury to Reflex Preplant. TyTy, GA. 2017. 26-29 DAT. *Values followed by the same letter are not different at P = 0.05. Data combined over 2 runs. 12 16 24 32 Reflex Rate (oz/A) 0 a 0 a 1 a 4 a 10 b
  46. How IR-4 Helps (cont’d) Crop Groups and Crop Group Expansion EPA Crop Groups are based primarily on similar taxonomy and similar growth habits. Tolerances established on a the ‘representative crop’ of a CG apply to all crops in that CG. More ‘bang for the buck’. Placing ‘orphan crops’ into established EPA crop groups can automatically get a tolerance applied to that crop. (Ex: Reflex/Eggplant) Harmonization of International MRLs Different tolerance levels for the same product/crop combination in different countries can constrict trade. IR-4 leading international efforts to harmonize MRLs = ‘level playing field’
  47. INDUSTRY Georgia Department of Agriculture Commissioner Gary Black
  48. New Vegetable Herbicide Uses - Last 10 Yr 1. Chateau tomato RM 2. Chateau pepper RM 3. Chateau eggplant RM 4. Chateau watermelon RM 5. Chateau cantaloupe RM 6. Chateau cucumber RM 7. Chateau squash RM 8. Chateau cabbage RM 9. Dual Magnum pepper topical 10. Dual Magnum broccoli topical 11. Dual Magnum cabbage topical 12. Dual Magnum collards topical 13. Dual Magnum cauliflower topical 14. Dual Magnum kale topical 15. Dual Magnum watermelon RM 16. Dual Magnum cantaloupe RM 17. Dual Mag. carrot topical 18. Dual Mag. sweet potato 19. Dual Mag. tomato topical 20. Dual Mag. snap bean topical 21. Dual Mag. lima bean topical 22. Dual Mag. southern pea topical 23. Dual Mag. squash topical 24. Caparol in Okra 25. Sandea in Okra 26. Reflex tomato preplant 27. Reflex pepper preplant 28. Reflex in Watermelon 29. Reflex in Squash 30. Reflex in Pumpkin 31. Treflan – Intercropping 32. Dual Magnum - pumpkin
  49. We’re from the government, we’re here to help! Learn More About IR-4: http://ir4.rutgers.edu/